o-Aminophenol (C₆H₇NO), a versatile aromatic compound with both amino (-NH₂) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups, plays a crucial role in multiple industries. As a key intermediate in dye and pigment production, it serves as a precursor for azo dyes used in textiles, leather, and printing. The pharmaceutical industry utilizes o-aminophenol in synthesizing antipyretic and analgesic drugs, including paracetamol (acetaminophen). In photography, it functions as a developing agent in color film processing. Additionally, it acts as an antioxidant in rubber manufacturing and as a complexing agent in metal plating solutions. Recent applications explore its use in coordination chemistry and advanced material synthesis.

Safety Considerations:

Handling o-aminophenol requires strict precautions due to its potential hazards. The compound is a moderate skin and eye irritant (GHS hazards H315, H319) and may cause allergic reactions upon prolonged exposure. It exhibits moderate toxicity with an LD₅₀ of 380 mg/kg (oral, rat). Workers should use PPE including nitrile gloves, chemical-resistant goggles, and protective clothing. Proper ventilation is essential to avoid inhalation of dust or vapors. o-Aminophenol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from oxidizing agents, preferably in airtight containers under inert conditions.

Environmental & Regulatory Notes:

The compound requires careful disposal as it may persist in aquatic environments. Industrial wastewater containing o-aminophenol must undergo treatment through activated carbon adsorption or advanced oxidation processes. Regulatory bodies classify it as a hazardous substance under various chemical control laws, necessitating proper labeling and safety data sheet (SDS) compliance.

With annual global production estimated at 5,000-7,000 metric tons, o-aminophenol remains vital in specialty chemicals while demanding responsible handling practices. Future applications may expand in nanotechnology and biomedical fields with improved safety protocols.

Key features:

1.Clear industry applications with specific examples

2.Detailed hazard classification and PPE requirements

3.Environmental impact considerations

4.Production scale context

5.Balanced view of benefits and risks